Communication Actitivy Essay

As another inspector for the CPA firm of Croix, Marais, and Kale, you have been allocated to survey the inner powers over mail money receipts of Manhattan Company. Your survey audits the accompanying: checks are speedily embraced â€Å"For Deposits Only†, yet no rundown of the checks is set up by the individual opening the mail. The mail is opened either by the clerk or by the representative who keeps up the records receivable records. Mail receipts are stored in the bank week after week by the clerk. Directions: Write a letter to Jerry Mays, proprietor of the Manhattan organization clarifying the shortcomings in interior control and your suggestions for improving the framework. Mr. Jerry Mays Manhattan Company Dear Mr. Mays RE: INDENTIFICATION OF WEAKNESSES IN INTERNAL CONTROLS As your recently delegated evaluators, Croix, Marais, and Kale (â€Å"CMK† or â€Å"we†) are commanded by the extent of our agreement to audit the interior powers over mail money receipts (the â€Å"process†) of Manhattan Company (the â€Å"Company†). As a major aspect of the survey, we will likewise give a few suggestions to improving any recognized shortcomings in the inward control arrangement of the Company. The survey of the procedure recognized the accompanying, which we will arrange as shortcomings in the interior control of the framework: * Although checks are expeditiously embraced â€Å"For Deposit Only†, no rundown of the checks is set up by the individual opening the mail; * Mail is opened by the clerk or by the worker who keeps up the records receivable records; and * Mail receipts are stored in the bank week after week by the clerk For each of the previously mentioned, we will give a clarification of the shortcoming just as our proposals for development. The checks supported, as â€Å"For Deposit Only† is a generally excellent inner control instrument. The support is prohibitive and lessens the probability that somebody could redirect the check for individual use, as banks won't give singular money when given a watch that has this sort of underwriting. In any case, a shortcoming of the procedure lies in the way that no copy of the rundown of the watches that are gotten is set up by the individual opening the mail. This is a case of a record strategy blemish all the while and anâ internal control shortcoming. Without the planning of a copy list just as getting paperwork done for the receipt of the checks, there is no follow that the occasion of receipt of the checks has happened. By requiring marks and setting up a copy rundown of the checks, the Company can distinguish the individual liable for the occasion. To this inside control shortcoming, we would suggest the foundation of obligation, where just an assigned individual †a mail receipt representative will be approved to deal with checks got by means of mail. The mail receipt representative ought to get ready in copy, a rundown of the checks got every day and sign the rundown to set up obligation regarding the receipt of the information. As a major aspect of the procedure, the first duplicate of the rundown, alongside the checks ought to be sent to the cashier’s office for the readiness of the day by day money outline. Furthermore, the mail receipt representative ought to send a duplicate of the rundown to the treasurer’s office, if there is one for compromise purposes with the every day money synopsis. As referenced above, we saw that the mail is opened by the clerk or by the representative who keeps up the records receivable records. This is a blemish in the inside control of the procedure identified with the isolation of obligations or detachment of capacity. The cashier’s office is liable for the readiness of the day by day money outline and in this manner ought not be a similar individual opening the mail of money receipts, which is a related action. Various people ought to be liable for any related action. An exploitative clerk can downplay the chronicle of the mail money receipts and report an alternate sum on the day by day money synopsis for individual advantages. As needs be, we would suggest the foundation of duty, where just an assigned individual †a mail receipt repr esentative will be approved to deal with checks got by means of mail. Furthermore, we suggest the isolation of obligations, where various people get the mail money, record the receipts and hold the money. This will guarantee that various people are answerable for any related movement and that the obligation regarding record saving for the money is discrete from the physical authority of the money. At long last, we likewise saw that the clerk stores mail receipts in the bank week by week. The inward stockpiling of money on the premises of the Company isn't fitting for evident reasons-burglary, theft, and unapproved get to. Representatives with different goals can make outside associates aware of attack or ransack the Company around evening time or at some other point to access the money put away onâ the premises. Furthermore, the capacity of the money on the premises presents a â€Å"working hazard† for the representatives as pariahs needing to access the money may expose them to undesirable assaults. The utilization of a bank regularly contributes altogether to great inner authority over money. The organization can shield the money consistently by utilizing a bank as a safe and in this manner limiting the measure of cash that the Company has available anytime during the week. Furthermore, the utilization of the bank on the regular schedule encourages the control of money since it makes a twofold record of all bank exchanges †one by the Company and one by the bank. Additionally we suggest that all receipts be stored in the bank regularly versus the current act of week by week stores. In rundown, if the board actualizes the above proposals, the Company will be in a superior situation to defend its benefits from worker burglary, theft, and unapproved use. Also, the company’s bookkeeping records will be upgraded in its precision and unwavering quality because of the decrease in the danger of mistakes and anomalies. We are accessible to additionally examine with Company the executives and expectation that the proposals will be actualized when practicable. We anticipate working with the board on this activity. Reference Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., and Kieso, D. E. (2008). Money related bookkeeping: 2010 custom release (sixth ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

IELTS Essay Samples That Will Help You

IELTS Essay Samples That Will Help YouThe Cambridge University IELTS is the national examination where a lot of students try to study and complete. Many students spend a lot of time on trying to understand the characteristics and basic rules of the examination so that they can be prepared when it comes their way. In this article, you will find out some essay samples that can help you with your Cambridge University IELTS test.English Composition: As you are most likely aware, the first section in the Cambridge University IELTS test is an essay. You should read over this paragraph by paragraph, but always be careful to write each sentence in your own voice. Doing this will make the exam much easier for you.Grammar: Do not think that the grammar section is difficult because you are a student of a new language. Instead, just take your time and really pay attention to the correct usage of English grammar. It is also very important that you do not allow yourself to get lost while studying. There is no room for mistakes when you are taking the Cambridge University IELTS test.Reading Comprehension: Reading comprehension is also one of the sections that you must pay attention to. There are several types of passages that you need to know. The types of passages include science essays, stories, biographies, ethnographies, and political essays.Speaking: This final section is very important because you will be required to speak in front of an audience. For this reason, you should always focus on speaking slowly and correctly. Finally, try to remember the answers to all the questions as accurately as possible.Memorization: Another important factor that needs to be taken into account when studying is the study material. Avoid using terms that are unfamiliar to you and don't use too many foreign words. Make sure that you use only those vocabulary words that you have used before so that you won't have any difficulty while answering the question in front of the exam board.If you are preparing for your final examination, there are a lot of things that you can do to make the exams more enjoyable. A good way to start your preparation is to choose a reliable IELTS study guide and practice at home, over the internet, or over a DVD. Be sure to read the contents thoroughly before beginning the test so that you don't miss anything.By following the instruction, you can gain all the information you need to know about the grammar and reading comprehension of the English language. Of course, practice will also play a major role, but you must choose the method of your own choice.

Banning Smoking in public places

Forbidding Smoking out in the open spots Prohibiting Smoking out in the open spots Have you at any point halted to consider the perils of smoking? Did you at any point put in your thought about others who are influenced by your smoking? Numerous individuals believe that smoking gives them the sentiment of fulfillment and bliss. Others feels that smoking makes the to quiet down when they are irate, however the entirety of this is gibberish. Smoking is a gotten as a propensity by the young in a surprising manner. This propensity hazards their life and makes them inclined to repulsive sicknesses. So in the event that you are quick to execute yourself, at that point its your own decision, in any case, your opportunity closes when different people groups opportunity starts. Smoking is a hazardous action done by the greater part of the individuals around the globe which causes a few wellbeing, ecological, and social issues. Subsequently, the WHO chose to pass a law to disallow smoking openly places to shield individuals and the earth from the perils of smoking. Overwhelming smokers are probably going to medical issues which they cannot make sense of it until it arrives at a late stage. Inquires about made by researchers sealed that tobacco is one of the most addictive substances on earth. Each cigarette a smoker smokes supplies the body with extraordinary measures of cancer-causing agent and perilous compound substances. â€Å"A overwhelming smoker, who generally expend from 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes for each day breathes in 150,000 portion of noxious smoke yearly.† [1]These Toxic mixes are shaped when tobacco responds with fire. Along these lines Nicotine and the different perilous synthetics shaped while smoking are the most hurtful things in cigarettes which causes serious medical issues. Another Dangerous medical issue brought about by smoking is Lung Cancer. This is on the grounds that cigarettes contain more than 80 diverse malignant growth causing substances. Researchers demonstrated that these substances could harm the bodys DNA and change their attributes. This procedure drives the cells to develop and increase wild causing blockage in indispensable regions in the lung. A smoker could maintain a strategic distance from these issues and live quiet just by quitting any pretense of smoking. The contamination brought about by cigarettes doesn't stop in our bodies or the air; it likewise influences the land we live on and the water that we drink. A great many cigarette butts are tossed onto the ground each day. They at last end up in the waterways and lakes where fish and creatures - accidentally eat them and frequently bite the dust from it. The lay are left on the ground to decay which will take a normal of 25 years while the entirety of the synthetic compounds and added substances filter into the ground and dirty the dirt and the plants. On the off chance that you are going to smoke please consider this data before your toss your cigarette butts on the ground. It looks ugly, it is a significant fire danger in dry climate, and it is amazingly hurtful to the earth. Another affecting part of cigarettes is in delivering them. The land utilized for developing the tobacco everywhere throughout the world could be utilized for planting trees or nourishment for starving youngsters in the third universes nations. Tobacco plants are frequently splashed with incredible measures of hurtful pesticides and synthetic concoctions as tobacco is delicate plant and prone to get infection. A ton of trees are likewise utilized in creating and pressing cigarettes. They utilize 4 miles of paper an hour only for rolling and bundling cigarettes. Each 100 cigaratte created squander in the other hand a tree. The trees utilized in the cigarettes could be sifting through the toxins found noticeable all around as opposed to being hacked down for assembling another cigarette. Cigarette smokers have a typical conviction between them. They feel that they just hurt themselves, in reality they hurt all the individuals encompassing them, individuals they love and nature. Your opportunity closes when the opportunity of others starts. This state conveys the significance legitimately. It implies that its denied to go past others scope. This implies smokers cannot make the move of smoking just on the off chance that he isnt going to hurt anybody around him. Thus, a few nations governments chose to totally boycott smoking in open regions to shield nature and individuals from the perils brought about by the smokers. An incredible number of generally created nations have authorized bans on smoking out in the open spots or working environments since the mid 2000s. The main structure on the planet to have a without smoke strategy was the Old Government Building in Wellington, New Zealand in 1876. In 1990, the city of San Luis Obispo, California, turned into the main city on the planet to boycott indoor smoking at all open spots, including bars and eateries. Seemingly by permitting smoking out in the open spots it is the opportunity of non-smokers that is being confined. By smoking in open the smoker is driving everybody in the region to smoke as well, maybe there ought to be signs wherever perusing ‘public smoking territory as it were. This forbidding denial law was in light of a legitimate concern for non-smokers as they are capable c urrently to go to open structures and finish their official exchanges without being harmed by smokers around them. There are 3 million casualties yearly on the planet kick the bucket because of cigarette smoking. Why dont we as a whole beginning from today to lessen the quantities of smokers to shield our lives from the moderate killing substance called tobacco? Why dont we begin living green and quit influencing ourselves and our condition from the smoking conditions? An issue that necessities to respite and re-computations so we would not target and lament for what occurred because of smoking. [1] http://human services guidance.blogspot.com/2009/11/impact of-cigarette-in-our-health.html

Information And Theory Of Security Management - 1062 Words

HOME SECURITY VULNERABILITIES IN NORTHSIDE Aaron Sneddon DeVry University PRINCIPLES AND THEORY OF SECURITY MANAGEMENT (SEC310) James Leiman March 15, 2015 Introduction In this day and age everyone has to be concerned with security threats that could occur at their home. According to Safeguard, â€Å"2,000,000 home burglaries are reported each year in the United States† (2010). Since there are so many burglaries a year in the United Stated, you need to understand what your current security standings is in your residence and then also understand what you can do to improve it. I have been living in the Northside area in Cincinnati for the past two years. The building that I currently live in has built layers of security by having a fence, doors, lighting and cameras to watch over the place. Security Assessment I currently live in the American Can Lofts that are located in Northside in Cincinnati. The Northside area has a perception of a being an unsafe area as it is near the college campus and the income is lower. According to Areavibes, â€Å"The estimated Northside crime index is 4% higher than the Cincinnati average and the Cincinnati crime index is 110% higher than the Ohio average† (2015). So the crime index is higher for Northside area, but not that much different from Cincinnati. I feel pretty safe walking around the neighborhood as you can see police officers patrolling occasionally. There is also usually a good amount of people walking around. The first layerShow MoreRelatedAn Evaluation of Information Security and Risk Management Theories1903 Words   |  8 PagesAn abundance of information security and risk management theories are prevalent; however, it can be difficult to identify valid and applicable theories. In the reading to follow, several information security and risk management theories are evaluated. These theories are presented and employed via various frameworks, models, and best practice guidelines. An assessment of sufficient research pertaining to these theories is addressed, along with a consideration of the challenges that arise from aRead MoreInformation Security And Risk Assessment Model1386 Words   |  6 Pages Theories and Theorists Ram Gutta Walden University Abstract People, process, and technology are the main pillars for Information Security framework. Security controls are designed on the fundamental principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability. The orchestration between people, process and technology provides control mechanism and helps in mitigation or reduction of risk for critical assets. Any failure with security orchestration can expose the systems for vulnerabilitiesRead MoreAn Objective Of Information Security1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe main objective of information security is to safeguard the integrity, confidentiality and availability aspects of information systems and data. from any threats and vulnerabilities, especially when such threats and vulnerabilities are on the rise. The 2015 annual Global State of Information Security Survey conducted by the Internet Development Group (IDG) subsidiaries CIO and CSO in conjunction with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), shows information security incident increase of 48% from 20 13-14Read MoreFederal Information Security Management Act1396 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract It’s always important to defend our information from an unauthorized access. To support this, United States enacted a federal law for Information Security in 2002, called FISMA. FISMA stands for Federal Information Security Management Act. FISMA features include policy development, risk management and Information security awareness for federal agencies. In this paper, we shall discuss the purpose of FISMA act, what is NIST’s role in FISMA, FISMA implementation project, contemporary criticismsRead MoreSecurity Risk Management1111 Words   |  5 Pagesuser in participate on information security risk management and its influence in the context of regulatory compliances via a multi-method study at the organizational level. Along with associated outcomes, the types of activities and security controls in which user’s participation as part of Sarbanes – Oxley compliance also understand here. Besides that, research model also been develop in this paper on the fin ding of the quantitative study and extant user participation theories in the system developmentRead MoreA Review On Employee Behavior1610 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior in organizations is the biggest threat to information security (Schneier, 2000)(Martins Eloff, 2002)(Da Veiga et al, 2007). Currently, research in IS focuses on technical mechanisms of security, and does not think about employee interactions with the system (Parsons et al, 2010). Research has shown that an emerging threat to information security is the insider (Hu et al, 2012)(PWC, 2014). The insider threat is the most difficult information security challenges that organizations face, as wellRead MoreCompliance With Information Security Policies And Procedures826 Words   |  4 PagesCompliance with information security policies and procedures is one particular area with many implications in the research literature of information security management. Consistent with other scholars (eg., Ifinedo, 2012; ), we identif ied user participation implications that prevent user compliance with information security policies and procedures. To start with, Ifinedo (2012) influences his argument in his research paper by stating, as suggested by other researchers like Herath and Rao (2009),Read MoreDefinitions Of Management And Historical Management Theory1555 Words   |  7 PagesMany approaches to management adopted by organizations today are based on historical approaches to management and historical management theories. This paper discusses the management approach taken by the author’s organization, a global information security and incident response team, and compares and contrasts the approach to Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory. Additionally, the effectiveness of this approach is rated, specifically against modern management theory. Finally, the paperRead MoreThe Importance Of Decision Support Strategy1706 Words   |  7 Pageshaving decision support approaches for cyber security investment. When investing in cyber security assets, information security administrators have to obey operational decision-making strategies. The researchers refer to this as â€Å"the cyber security investment challenge†. In this paper, they analyze three potential decision support methodologies that security managers can use to be able to perform this challenge. They considered methods based on game theory, combinatorial optimization, and a hybrid ofRead MoreTrust Management Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pageshas been extensive literature related to the security in wireless ad-hoc networks over the last two decades. There are several methods to increase the security other than trust management. Important among them are surveyed here. Key management is a fundamental problem in securing mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In the paper, Securing Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Certificateless Public Keys [1], Yanchao Zhang et al. presents IKM, an ID-based key management scheme as a novel combination of ID-based and

Middle Ages Weddings and Hygiene

A popular email hoax has spread all sorts of misinformation about the Middle Ages and The Bad Old Days. Here we address medieval weddings and bride hygiene. From the Hoax Most people got married in June because they took their yearly bath in May and still smelled pretty good by June. However, they were starting to smell so brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odor. Hence the custom today of carrying a bouquet when getting married. The Facts In the agricultural communities of medieval England, the most popular months for weddings were January, November, and October,1 when the harvest was past and the time for planting had not yet arrived. Late autumn and winter were also when animals were usually slaughtered for food, so freshly butchered beef, pork, mutton, and similar meats would be available for the wedding feast, which often coincided with annual festivals. Summer weddings, which might also coincide with annual festivals, enjoyed some popularity, as well. June was indeed a good time to take advantage of good weather and the arrival of new crops for a wedding festival, as well as fresh flowers for the ceremony and celebrations. The use of flowers in wedding ceremonies goes back to ancient times.2 Depending on the culture, flowers have numerous symbolic meanings, some of the most significant being loyalty, purity, and love. In the late fifteenth century, roses were popular in medieval Europe for their connection to romantic love and were used in many ceremonies, including weddings. As for yearly baths, the idea that medieval people rarely bathed is a ​persistent but false one. Most people washed on a regular basis. Going without washing was considered a penance even in the early Middle Ages. Soap, possibly invented by the Gauls sometime before Christ, was in widespread use throughout Europe by the end of the ninth century and made its first appearance in cake form in the twelfth century. Public bathhouses were not uncommon, although their ostensible purpose was often secondary to their clandestine use by prostitutes.3 In short, there were numerous opportunities for medieval people to cleanse their bodies. Thus, the prospect of going a full month without washing, and then appearing at her wedding with a bouquet of flowers to hide her stench, is not something a medieval bride was likely to consider any more than a modern bride would. Notes Hanawalt, Barbara, The Ties that Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 176.garland  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica [Accessed April 9, 2002; verified June 26, 2015.]Rossiaud, Jacques, and Cochrane, Lydia G. (translator), Medieval Prostitution (Basil Blackwell Ltd., 1988), p. 6.

The Self Objectification Theory Of Women - 4667 Words

Self-objectification Theory Objectification occurs when a person’s body is evaluated as a separate entity with a blatant disregard to the human who occupies it. When objectification occurs it dehumanizes the individual and turns them into an object that is to be used for someone else’s pleasure. Women in westernized cultures are particularly subject to this type of treatment and the detrimental effects it can cause (Harper Tiggemann, 2008). Often as a result, objectification is turned inward and the individual views themselves as an object, creating a state of chronic self-surveillance. This effect is identified as self-objectification and the psychological ramifications for this occurrence is varied and includes: body shame, disrupted flow of consciousness, depression, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and disordered eating (Fredrickson Roberts, 1997). Disruption of Performance One of the ways that SO effects women, is that it disrupts the flow of consciousness and taxes cognitive processes, thus limiting a woman’s ability for higher levels of performance (Aubrey Gerding, 2015; Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, Twenge, 1998). In one study, women who were asked to complete math problems while wearing a bathing suit scored lower on the exam and higher on the self-objectification and body shame scales than women who wore a crew neck sweater and pants (Fredrickson et al., 1998). The women wearing the bathing suit were asked to evaluate the clothing as they would inShow MoreRelated Objectification Theory Essays1736 Words   |  7 PagesWomen are bombarded by images of a thin-ideal body form that is extremely hard, if not impossible, to emulate. Comparing themselves to these women can lead to feelings of inadequacy, depression, and an overall low self-esteem. (Expand on, need a good opening paragraph to grab the reader’s attention) Objectification Theory Objectification theory has been proposed as a standard for understanding the effects of living in a culture that sexually objectifies women (Fredrickson Roberts, 1997).Read MoreMedia and Unrealistic Body Image Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesRationale Today’s culture has placed women across the globe in a position where they are constantly flooded with idealistic images that depict what the media perceives as the â€Å"perfect body.† Quite often, young university-attending females, those who are involved in social identity formation, are exposed to numerous forms of media that fabricate various experiences relative to body image. In the past, researchers have surveyed women who are exposed to body-related standards using multiple forms ofRead MoreDisordered Eating and the Media Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesbeautiful, there has been an emergence of pro-anorexia and pro-bulimia websites designed to encourage a lifestyle of disordered eating and thinking (Bardone-Cone Cass, 2006, pp. 256). Literature on eating disorders shows that self-internalization, social comparison, self-objectification, and the sociocultural etiological model may explain the effects of media on disordered eating. Thompson and Heinberg (1999) have found that internalization of social pressures at least moderately mediates the effectsRead MoreAnalysis Of Patricia Collinss Black Feminist Eye1125 Words   |  5 Pagesby Patricia Collins, draws the attention to the theory of black feminist innovations and their opinions on women of color. She also embraces figures made by black women intellects who performed a role in evolving this theory. In similarity to Collins’ novel, The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, the African American female individuals depicted as the women of color labeled in the novel, Black Feminist Thought. In conjunction with the depicted black women in Collins’ Black Feminist Thought, numerous resourcesRead MoreFeminism Of Hip Hop And Rap Music1504 Words   |  7 Pagesmisogyny and objectification towards women (Weitzer and Kubrin 2009 ; Gourdine and Lemmons 2011). Ruby M. Gourdine and Brianna P. Lemmons specifically state that misogynistic themes began to gain prominence in the genre during the late 1980s. I would suggest that the prevalence of objectification and misogyny in hip hop could pose a threat to a positive self image for females, exposed to this form of media. What is objectification? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines objectification, as â€Å"theRead MoreKilling Us Softly : Advertising s Image Of Women913 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertising’s Image of Women In the video, Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women, the way women are portrayed in advertising is explored in great detail. The video exposes the gender stereotypes that are depicted in advertising on a regular basis. The effects of mass advertising are also explored particularly the effect of objectification of women on young girls. Young girls and women are affected by these constant and never-ending advertisements sexualizing women and marginalizing themRead MoreAre Men And Blame For The Objectification Of Women?980 Words   |  4 PagesMen to Blame for the Objectification of Women? Social forces influence our daily lives regardless of our awareness to them. This understanding illustrates the sociological imagination which challenges accepted beliefs and encourages questioning certain practises. Generally, society accepts what they are told about what it means to be a female. We rarely question practises that degrade females despite the blatant diminishing of women being frowned upon. The objectification of women can not be solelyRead MoreWhile Presenting May Be A Literal Objectification Of Slaves764 Words   |  4 Pagesliteral objectification of slaves in Walker’s work, this overarching concept can also be seen in her works Untitled and Gone. In Untitled, the young woman is depicted as naked, a common practice from slavery. During the practice, slaves were often forced to stand nude and be inspected by potential masters, as if part of a crude, human dog show. The woman in this picture seems vulnerable in a similar fashion, forced to stand in an apparen tly submissive state to the fully clothed men and women besideRead MoreAmerican Women s Experiences With Street Harassment1204 Words   |  5 Pagesfilled headphones, followed by cat calls that can be heard around the world. Individuals experience street harassment daily. Street harassment is any form of unwanted verbal or physical harassment sexual in nature. This paper will discuss American women s experiences with street harassment. We’ll begin with looking at: Who street harasses? Why they street harass? And lastly, the desired effects compared to actual effects of street harassment? These questions will set up a foundation to view whatRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Objectification Of Women888 Words   |  4 PagesYouTube channel that posts videos on social change. In this paper, I will be analysis my photos over the semester by discussing overarching themes, in particular, gender stereotypes and objectification of women. Then I will analyze the photos from an intersec tionality perspective and its importance. In addition, I will self-reflect about how gender, sex, and sexuality influence my life and how my beliefs have been challenged over the semester. Finally, I will conclude my paper with ways, in which, we can

Emotional Literacy free essay sample

The term emotional intelligence came into common usage following the success in the 1990s of Daniel Goleman’s book, Emotional Intelligence; why it can matter more than IQ. Goleman pointed out that ‘success’ in life depends not only on our IQ as measured by our literacy and numeracy skills but, more importantly, on how well we know our own emotional make-up, manage our emotional responses and react to the emotional responses of others. Goleman’s emotional intelligence speaks to the topical issue today; the issue of emotional literacy. Understanding emotional literacy is the key to help the young child develop self-esteem, self-control and so become socially and educationally successful. The National Early Childhood Care and Education Curriculum Guide wellness strand suggest that an environment need to be created which nurture children’s emotional well-being. It also states that children need to develop emotional competence which will help them to deal with their feelings appropriately. Emotional literacy is the ability to identify, understand, and to respond to emotions in oneself and others in a healthy manner. What it means to be emotionally literate: To be emotionally literate one has to develop a complex set of attitudes and skills. Skills can be learned and attitudes can be adopted if the environment the individual is in values and nurtures emotional literacy. Component skills that make up emotional literacy include: * Ability to reflect on one’s own emotions * Self-knowledge (understanding the reasons for one’s actions). Understanding of consequences * Self-control * Healthy self-image (feeling good about oneself, but also being able to acknowledge aspects of oneself that need developing). * Ability to empathise with others. * Understanding of the way others behave as they do. * Understanding how effective relationships are forged and sustained. * Ability to discuss feelings and emotions with others. * Recognition and acceptance of differences a nd different points of view. * Recognition of the complexity of emotions. Importance of Emotional Literacy: Being emotionally literate enables one to make wiser decisions, develops better self and social awareness, stronger interpersonal relationships, and higher academic achievements. Science has noted that brain injuries preventing individuals from processing emotional information can lead directly to antisocial behaviors and unreliable decision-making. Emotional Literacy can act as a preventive tool to treat children against the serious danger they face in today’s society, such as, gang and drug issues etc. It can also be a step towards turning an anxiety-dominated society into one of hope and salvation. Other Reasons of the Importance of Emotional Literacy include: * Emotional development in young children is important for their attainment as well as their well-being and success in all areas of development. * Targeting social and emotional development in young children are more likely to cause them to settle into their early years setting, * To grow to develop confidence and become cooperative * To learn to behave appropriately in varied situations. To strengthen healthy and balanced relationships. * To tolerate frustration better. * To be a healthy human being who is less lonely, less impulsive, more focused, and have greater academic achievement. Emotional Literacy contributes to setting the scene for Positive Behaviour in the Early Years Over the years we have seen a great deal of emphasis being placed on the cognitive and physical aspects of childhood development. Within recent tim es, more attention has been focused on the emotional developmental cycles of children. The impact of a child’s relative emotional maturity or immaturity on their behaviour, performance and personal happiness is finally being recognised. Furthermore, the issue of lacking emotional health in young children has been acknowledged as part of childhood behavioural problems. Emotional literacy can be thought of as a set of skills that help learners to be successful in school, at work and in relationships. As a consequence of this, they are more likely to have robust self-esteem and be better placed to cope with disappointments and setbacks, which affect or influence behaviour. Of late, those who have championed what might be termed the ‘self-esteem movement’ in schools regard emotional literacy as being closely connected to the building of self-esteem. Elizabeth Morris (2002) argues that it is hard to feel good about yourself if you don’t know yourself well, and if you can’t recognise and manage emotions such as anger and frustration. The more able you are to read body language and relate to other people and their emotional states, the more likely you are to be popular. Morris and other academics argue that this is what encourages a sense of belonging and builds self-esteem. With the increase of emotional exclusion, a worrying trend in diminishing self-esteem in young children, and increasing numbers of young children being recognised as having ‘additional learning needs’ or presenting challenging behaviour, there is a growing pressure to find solutions. An infant/toddler’s capacity to learn and grow depends to a very significant extent on their ability to manage emotional tasks. Without the ability to be aware of their emotional states and self-management skills to contain and handle these, their development will suffer. Without the ability to be aware of others, what they are feeling and to practice relationship management skills, their friendships and social support will vanish, as they become adults. There has also been a steady rise in recognition of the importance of sound self-esteem for young children. This recognition has emerged through psychological studies into behaviour disorders, learning difficulties and other disturbances to the development and maturation of infants and toddlers. This has coincided with research into human Emotional Literacy and the development of emotional literacy training programmes. Emotional Literacy is now known to play a very significant part in achieving goals set, as well as being the foundation for personal satisfaction. To become effective learners, children in their early years, need to develop a strong sense of self-worth and confidence in their abilities. As they become older, they need to learn to take responsibility for their own learning and performance, and demonstrate persistence and resilience in the face of obstacles or setbacks, which will affect behaviour. Young children must also learn to manage their emotions and help others to do the same. It is less to do with controlling emotions and more to do with recognising  and understanding the effects of these emotional states and developing coping strategies. Infants/toddlers must also learn to understand that negative feelings can be valuable since they provide personal insights into thoughts, feelings and motivation to learn. Child-care workers must develop excellent emotional literacy programmes to support and develop children at every level of need. These will enable young children to learn the skills and abilities necessary to achieve greater emotional awareness, more emotional control and strong relationship building skills. This in turn leads to higher emotional intelligence, and usually, sound self-esteem and positive behaviour. We have come to a juncture where we have recognized that emotional literacy is key to developing self-esteem and it does contribute to setting the scene for positive behaviour in the early years. Strategies teachers can use The questions arises what exactly are the skills or content necessary for our young children to become emotionally literate? What do we teach our young children to ensure they become emotionally literate? Fostering Emotional Literacy in early years setting: Emotional literacy in early years setting starts with emotionally literate adults. Settings should have the following: * Zero tolerance towards teasing, name-calling, sarcasm and negative behaviour that staff may display. * Regular opportunities to deal with issues in a calm and supportive environment, e. g. in staff meetings. * Appropriate emotional support for each other (staff members). * Looking out for each other especially in stressful situations, e. g. allowing one member to take time out if necessary. Gordon and Browne (2008) suggest that we teach the young children to deal with their feelings. There is a four-step approach suggested by Gordon and Browne that has a developmental sequence, where the learning at one level is built upon or is dependant on the learning at the previous level. This four step developmental sequence being advocated as necessary to teach young children how to deal with feelings is as follows: 1. To notice and label feelings 2. To accept feelings 3. To express feelings in an appropriate way 4. To deal with feelings of others 1) To notice and label feelings: The first step towards emotional literacy is to be able to notice or identify the feelings and label them. According to Gordon and Browne the identification and labeling of feelings corresponds with Goleman’s â€Å"self-awareness† dimension. Leah Davies, M. Ed. also advocates that children who are taught to identify, express, and cope positively with their feelings develop useful life skills. As opposed to suppressing them as when negative emotions are suppressed, they usually resurface and cause problems Leah Davies, M. Ed. also purports. Strategies to help the child identify/notice and label feelings: Help the children gain an understanding of their feelings through the use of books, board games, puppets, interactive storytelling or role-plays. b. Teach children to identify and verbalize their feelings, (For useful tools to promote emotional literacy, revisit www. kellybear. com. ) c. Teach the vocabulary of emotions. (e. g, I am sorry). Introduce new words to extend the child’s vocabulary; for example, happy might also be excited, cheerful or smiley. * If we lack the words to express how we feel we will not be able to tell others, let alone process those feelings internally. Show acceptance of a child’s feelings and use feeling words yourself so they become a part of everyday life. 2) Accept feelings: Children very often express very strong feelings and they must be taught how to deal with these feelings without letting the feelings overwhelm them. These can be strong feelings of love or anger, sadness or confusion. It is important to help children recognize that th ese strong feelings will not stay with them all the time and also help them work through the feelings, feeling safe. Strategies to help the child accept feelings: a. Be empathetic to children in the environment b. Be observant to recognise when a child is experiencing such strong emotions so that you can help them accept the emotions to allow the child to * Express these emotions in a safe setting and work through these sad or scared moments * Recover their exposure with some empathy from others * Develop the zeal or persistence to work through future sad or scared moments 3) Express feelings in an appropriate way As purported by Gordon and Browne (2008) To be able to express feelings appropriately students must be able to: First: feel free to express their feelings. The environment must be a psychologically and emotionally safe climate so that children are not afraid or inhibited in any way in the expression of their feelings. Second: they must learn ways of expression that are suitable to their age and to the situation. Strategies to help children express their feelings in an appropriate way: a. Avoid negative statements like, Cant you do anything right? or Whats your problem? These comments discourage open communication and suggest that when a child does not behave perfectly, he or she is bad. b. Avoid moralizing (That was wrong of you! ); humiliating (I cant believe you did that. ); lecturing (You should have known better. ); denying (Youll be okay. ); pitying, (Poor you. Its all their fault. ); and rescuing, (Ill take care of it. ). Instead, listen patiently and nod your head appropriately. Remember that questions can often lead the child away from the real problem or cause the child to stop talking. c. Accept emotional responses as legitimate, even if you dont like the behavior the feelings produce. For example, when a child hits, the feeling of anger is demonstrated. Stop the child and say, Its okay to feel angry; its not okay to hurt others. Talk to me about what you are feeling. Help the child manage his emotions as Goleman suggests. d. Communicate understanding and empathy by reflecting the observed emotion. For example, say, You seem sad or You seem upset. Then, if the child confirms your reflection and begins talking, be quiet and listen. (See Helping Children Cope with Anger in Teacher Ideas, www. kellybear. com . ) e. Watch a childs facial expressions, posture, play or art work for signs that a child is experiencing a strong negative emotion. Then offer constructive ways to defuse it, such as painting, dialogue or taking a time out. f. Problem solve with the child by encouraging him or her to think of options and decide what constructive action to take. (See Ten Ways to Foster Resiliency in Children in Teacher Ideas, www. kellybear. com . ) g. Keep lines of communication open. You might say something like: Emily, I am glad you told me about your moms illness. It must be hard to have her in the hospital. Please know that I care about you and that I am here if you want to talk again. 4) Deal with feelings of others